Economic & Financial Analysis of Renewable Energy

Economic & Financial Analysis of Renewable Energy

Euromoney Training
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Description

This 5–day training course will discuss the following: Contrast risk and financial structuring for different types of renewable projects including biomass, on-shore wind, off-shore wind, solar PV, solar thermal and geothermal Create flexible and transparent financial models of renewable energy from A-Z that incorporate resource risk, financing structure, tax treatments, alternative pricing policies and other factors Learn practical tools to analyse renewable energy including efficient tools to work with wind, hydro and solar data; creating flexible scenario and sensitivity analysis to evaluate resource risk, construction risk, O&M risk and debt structuring; developing techniques to resolve c…

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Didn't find what you were looking for? See also: Renewable Energy, Financial Analysis, Debt, Equities, and Sustainable Management.

This 5–day training course will discuss the following: Contrast risk and financial structuring for different types of renewable projects including biomass, on-shore wind, off-shore wind, solar PV, solar thermal and geothermal Create flexible and transparent financial models of renewable energy from A-Z that incorporate resource risk, financing structure, tax treatments, alternative pricing policies and other factors Learn practical tools to analyse renewable energy including efficient tools to work with wind, hydro and solar data; creating flexible scenario and sensitivity analysis to evaluate resource risk, construction risk, O&M risk and debt structuring; developing techniques to resolve circular references related to funding debt and sculpting debt without copy and paste macros Measure and evaluate changes in the risk of projects over different stages of the project and how equity returns and value change if purchases and sales occur at different phases of a project's life Understand the implications of project finance features in the context of renewable energy (sculpting, debt funding, debt size, DSCR, DSRA, debt tenor, re-financing) on costs and equity returns from renewable energy Develop efficient ways to quickly compute the levelised electricity cost of different technologies using carrying charge factors and alternative financial models Work through resource assessments and compute probability of achieving different levels of production (P90, P75 etc.) using hands-on exercises for different types of projects in order to effectively review consulting studies Evaluate recent cost trends in capital cost, operating cost and efficiency of renewable resource through studying financial condition of wind and solar suppliers over the past few years Measure the effect of probabilistic risk assessment on the debt capacity of alternative renewable projects and the effects of the DSCR constraint versus the debt to capital constraint Course resources Other than the instruction in how to build, use and analyse financial models in evaluating renewable energy projects, all participants will receive a comprehensive suite of financial modelling software, tailored teaching exercises and research articles on a series of compact disks which include a variety of template models and excel add-ins. The software includes of project finance models that measure the effect of alternative elements in a cash flow waterfall including debt service reserves, junior debt, covenants, defaults and pre-payments; corporate models that accept historic financial data and generate alternative valuation measures; M&A models that consolidate two companies using alternative financing assumptions and produce accretion and dilution estimates; LBO models that measure the debt capacity of a transaction; option pricing models that account for alternative structures; and debt valuation spreadsheets, Monte Carlo simulation models, tornado diagram and sensitivity analysis. In addition to the software resources, participants will receive databases on actual projects, commodity price history and case studies. Finally, participants will receive financial library and a manuscript from the book titled The Valuation Mirage, which addresses many modelling and valuation issues covered in the course.
Day 1 Part 1: Definition of terms, renewable costs, levelised cost of electricity Overview of terms in project finance terms in the context of renewable energy through review of financial models Renewable energy terms - Economic issues associated with renewable energy - Alternative contract structures relative to conventional plants - Grid parity - Carrying charge factor - Feed-in tariff policy Renewable energy pricing versus multi-part tariffs in conventional energy Drivers of value in renewable energy projects Resource assessment and capacity factor Development cost and timing Electricity pricing Capital costs Operating and maintenance costs Capital recovery factor, taxes, financing Operating costs, maintenance costs and availability Capital intensity and levelised cost of alternative technologies Definition of capital intensity and cost of capital Four factors that drive LOCE - Capital cost of project - Capacity factor of project - Operation and maintenance expenses - The carrying charge rate Exercise on computing grid parity Databases for electricity costs General discussion of cost trends in wind, solar, natural gas and other technologies Review of IEA cost analysis for various types of renewable and non-renewable plants including on-shore and off-shore wind, solar PV, solar thermal, geothermal, wave energy, hydro and biomass Natural gas prices by region and over time Grid parity with different capital cost, carrying charge rates and natural gas prices Day 2 Part 2: Overview of project finance, cost of capital and pricing contracts for renewable energy Economic and financial theory of project finance General discussion of risks for renewable projects - Capacity factor risk (solar, on-shore wind, off-shore wind, hydro) - Construction risk (off-shore wind and hydro versus solar) - Operation and maintenance risk - Contract risk Measurement of risk using traditional finance theory and WACC - Review of solar manufacturers - Theory of cost of capital, beta and equity risk premium applied to renewable energy - Contrast of solar and off-shore wind from traditional cost of capital and free cash flow perspective Measurement of value and risk using project finance - Debt capacity and credit analysis of different transactions - Use of equity IRR versus project IRR - Relying on external cash infusions rather than internal analysis - Financing for different types of projects Debt capacity and project finance terms - Effects of debt service coverage constraint versus debt to capital constraint - Debt service coverage ratio definition and targets - Debt tenor, alternative repayment structure, average life - Credit spreads and target credit ratings in project finance - Debt service reserve and maintenance reserve - Covenants, cash flow sweeps and subordinated debt Project finance valuation for renewable energy Project IRR to screen projects Equity IRR to structure projects and minimum required equity IRR for different renewable projects Equity IRR complexities from re-financing and development fees Part 3: Review of costs, capacity factors, and pricing structures for alternative renewable technologies and build-up of project finance model Discussion of wind and solar technologies On-shore wind - Historic and current trends in capital cost - Review of financial data for suppliers - Fixed and variable O&M cost - Capacity factors and general discussion of one-year versus long-term P90, P75 etc. - General contract terms - Feed in tariffs and PPA agreements for on-shore wind Off-shore wind - Capital cost data base, distance, depth and height - Balance of system costs for off-shore versus on-shore - Operating costs and availability issues - Capacity factors - Feed-in tariffs - Case study of Princess Amelia financing Solar PV - General discussion of technology - Demand and supply and changes in German feed-in tariffs - Review of solar companies and financial issues - Financial performance of manufacturers - Balance of system costs and inverter costs - Performance guarantees and other contract terms - First solar case study Solar thermal - Costs and capacity factor - Operating cost - Potential trends Day 3 Part 4: Resource assessment Overview of resource assessment in renewable projects Resource assessment of wind – working with hourly wind speeds, wiebull distributions and statistical analysis (P90, P50 etc.) Resource assessment of solar – direct and diffuse radiation, sunlight angles and RetScreen) Resource assessment of geothermal and hydro Probability distributions of resources Case study on resource analysis in loans Modelling resource distributions of solar power Data sources for solar irradiation Computation of production from efficiency with adjustments for performance Statistical and seasonal distribution of production data in different locations Use of RetScreeen for simple analysis Computation of P95, P90, P75 and P50 statistics Case study on interpretation of P75, P90, P95 and P99 Review of credit analysis for wind projects Analysis of resource risk in different reports P90/P50 for one year and for ten years Case study on detailed calculation of resource distribution Modelling resources for hydro power Fundamental hydro power equation Sizing of hydro plants and exceedence curves Variance in rainfall and river flow Computation of P95, P90, P75 and P50 statistics for hydro capacity factor Modelling resource distributions of wind Overview of wind data Wiebull distribution and wind data Power curve for wind turbines Distribution of wind resources and wind studies Simulation of power distribution Computation of P95, P90, P75 and P50 statistics Interpretation of resource assessment for risk analysis Mean reversion of resources Aspects of probability distribution other than resources Use of probabilities in financial analysis Contrast among different risks Day 4 Part 5: Valuation and project finance modelling for renewable projects Financial statement analysis in renewable project finance Risks and stages of project Source and use of funds statement before commercial operation Focus on cash flow and EBITDA Interpretation of cash flow statement Reserve accounts for debt service and other factors Computation of equity cash flow and free cash flow and IRR versus return on investment General discussion of project finance models General objectives of financial models and financial forecasts Objectives of project finance models Flexibility, structure, accuracy and transparency of project finance models Examples of the structure of actual project finance models Creation of project finance model structure Mechanical issues in creating and interpreting project finance models Phases in project financing for renewable projects Sources and uses analysis in models Importance of debt sizing, debt funding and debt repayment Fixed asset analysis Profit and loss statement and tax analysis Cash flow waterfall Tax flip structures Resolving circular references without copy and paste macros arising from funding and sculpting Model complexities for renewable finance projects – accelerated tax depreciation, investment tax credit, production tax credits and renewable energy pricing Mechanics and rational for alternative incentive schemes Benefits of investment schemes relative to feed-in tariffs Effects of incentives on the overall cost and require feed-in tariffs of different renewable projects Flips and allocations of cash flow to different equity investors – interpretation of risk and return with different cash flow allocations Computation of project value assuming different sale dates and risk adjusted discount rates from buyer perspective as risk of project changes from signing contracts, working through mechanical issues and demonstrating cash flows from historic record Incorporate refinancing assumptions in financial models through adding sources and uses of funds analysis in alternative re-financing periods and evaluating different possible features of re-financing Day 5 Part 6: Risk analysis of renewable energy General discussion of risk in renewable energy projects Discussion of differences in the nature of risks for on-shore wind (wind resource), off-shore wind (maintenance and life expectation), solar (small risks become big with high leverage), hydro (capacity factor and merchant price risk), wave (refurbishment timing), geothermal (development probability) Risk matrix, risk classification and risk mitigation Risk evaluation using break-even and sensitivity analysis Risk evaluation using scenario analysis with focus on the manner in which bankers apply downside analysis Measurement of risk using structured master scenario page in Excel Model with options for adding sensitivity analysis to defined scenarios Risk analysis using spider and tornado diagrams Credit analysis in renewable project finance Background on probability of default and loss given default Definition and calculation of DSCR Use of DSCR in base (P50 cases) and downside (P90, P95 cases) in determining debt capacity Application of LLCR and PLCR Contract structuring in renewable project finance Importance of EPC contract in different projects (off-shore wind and hydro) Performance contracts in solar projects Power curve and availability guarantees in solar and wind projects O&M contracts and warranties Insurance Counterparty risk in different projects Part 7: Re-financing, electricity pricing, biomass and geothermal issues Re-financing for renewable projects Types of projects where re-financing is important – off-shore wind, wave energy, merchant hydro projects and geothermal Effects of re-financing on equity IRR and difficulty of defining the equity IRR with short-debt duration Structuring project finance models and analysis to measure the effect of re-financing on equity returns Electricity pricing analysis in the context of renewable energy Overview of electricity prices and electricity pricing designs around the world Relevance of electricity pricing to renewable analysis Short-term and long-term marginal cost for pricing analysis Pricing analysis for biomass projects Evaluation of project finance model for biomass Capital cost, heat rates and operating costs of biomass projects Examples of biomass projects Tipping fees and construction of price curves from local supply and demand data Development costs in renewable projects Development time frame and costs in wind and solar projects Exploration costs and time frame in geothermal projects Fees and compensation for development and treatment of development fees when computing equity IRR. Probabilities of proceeding beyond development Value and costs of development and research stage - Value of development expenditures versus construction expenditure - Payment of development fees - Development costs and real option - Valuation of development as real option - Compensation for development costs Modelling exploration and development options – geothermal case General cost and resource parameters for geothermal projects Review of project finance model for geothermal project Exploration and development cost, probability time frame Segregating development phases Discount rates for different stages Computation of expected value Interpretation of development value Relative effect of development cash costs and construction costs Break-even development probability Length of development period Course summary and close
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