Islamic Finance Academy
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Day 1 Introduction to Islamic finance and banking Introduction and background Introduction Ethical investing Commonalities: Islamic and conventional finance Differences: Islamic and conventional finance Structured finance Some Shari’ah principles Riba, Gharrar and Maysir The Shari’ah as a legal system Examples of substantive principles Some history Prior to the 1970s 1970s to mid-1990s Modern Islamic finance: mid-1990s to the present Five critical factors Ijma Nominate contracts Prior to 1996 Subsequent to 1996: combinations and multiple contracts Dow Jones Fatwa of 1998 and the equity side of the Islamic capital markets: an overview of the fatwa and its implications Sukuk and the finance side of the Islamic capital markets: an overview Day 2 Introduction to Islamic finance and banking Bifurcated structures: compliant structures in western markets: introductory overview Tax, regulatory, credit, underwriting and similar constraints A generic ijara as an example Myth: comparative complexity of shari’ah-compliant and equivalent conventional transaction - Current markets: an overview - The first decade: Sukuk issuances Introduction to Islamic banking - Three banking models - Two-tiered mudaraba - Two windows - Wakala Enforceability and legal considerations - Perspective and topics - Legal mpediments - Shamil bank of Bahrain v Beximco pharmaceuticals - Musawi v R E international (UK) limited - Blom developments bank v the Investment dar company - Formation opinions - Enforceability opinions - Legal issues pertaining to sukuk - Ratings matters Day 3 Islamic banking, including retail products Islamic banking models - Three banking models - Two-tiered mudaraba - Two windows - Wakala Financial intermediation - Asset transformation - Administration of payments systems - Brokerage - Risk transformation Basel II and Islamic banking Capital adequacy, risk management and corporate governance Risk categorisation - Financial - Operational - Business - Event Reserves Analytical tools Corporate governance - Defined - Elements - Stakeholder view - Profit equalisation reserves - Transparency, accountability and disclosure Risk concepts - Profit equalisation and investment risk reserves - Sales-based contracts and credit risk - Credit risk measurement and provisioning - Liquidity risk - Risk management Credit and market risks Operational risks Sources of funds for an Islamic bank - Savings and current deposits - Qard Hassan - Wadi’a Yad Dhamanah - Mudaraba - Term deposits - Mudaraba - Wakala - Investment deposits - Mudaraba - Wakala Home purchase financing structures - Leases (Ijara) - Diminishing musharaka - Deferred payment sale (Malaysia) - Construction sale Automobile financing - Lease (Ijara) structures Personal financing - Rahn - Tawarruq - Bay al-Inah (Malaysia) Islamic credit cards - Ujrah-based structures - Inah-based structures (Malaysia) - Tawarruq structures Day 4 Leasing, musharaka, mudaraba and sukuk Leasing (Ijara) transactions: particularly real estate, equipment finance and project and infrastructure finance - Conventional real estate transactions – a short history of real estate investing in Islamic Finance - Elements of the ijara (lease) - Bifurcated structures: generic ijara transactions A Case Study Variation: All Cash Acquisition and Subsequent Financing (United States) A Case Study Variation: All Cash Acquisition, Subsequent Financing, Initial Loan Structure (United Kingdom) A Case Study Variation: No Puts or Calls on Real Property (Sweden) Murabaha, tawarruq and musawamma - Murabaha, tawarruq and musawamma defined - Some murabaha and musawamma principles - Generic murabaha structures - Generic syndicated murabaha - Syndicated murabaha with an agent - Working capital murabaha transactions Case Study: term and revolving urabahas Day 5 Leasing, musharaka, mudaraba and sukuk Musharaka - Musharaka defined - Some musharaka principles - The diminishing musharaka structure Mudaraba - Mudaraba defined - Some mudaraba principles - Mudaraba structures in finance - Mudaraba structures in Islamic banking - Mudaraba structures in takaful Sukuk - Cross collateralised pool financings - Europe - United States - Perspective - Asset securitisations generally - Conceptual transactional structure - Sukuk defined - AAOIFI considerations and categories - Sukuk markets - Sukuk al-Ijara - Sukuk al-Mudaraba - Sukuk al-Musharaka - Sukuk al-Murabaha - Sukuk al-Wakala - AAOIFI clarification of standard (17): March 2008 - Legal impediments to enforceability and ratings Case Studies Bahrain financial harbour sukuk Tamweel RMBS Sukuk TECOM free zone CMBS Private commercial Sukuk al- Wakala bel-Istithmar Government Sukuk al-Wakala bel-Istithmar Sukuk al-Musharaka Sukuk al-Mudaraba Goldman Sachs Day 6 Equity investing, private equity and Islamic contracts Equity investment transactions The 1998 Dow Jones Fatwa – history of the Fatwa Restrictions imposed by balance sheet information Permissible and impermissible instruments Permissible and impermissible business activities Permissible and impermissible riba: financial tests and permissible variance Cleansing and purification – post-Dow Jones Changes in available financial information Changes in financial tests for indices and equity investments Ramifications of the tests regarding permissible and impermissible business activities in equity investment transactions The diaspora: ramifications of the tests regarding permissible and impermissible business activities in non-equity investment transactions Private equity - Some background and history - Some principles of private equity - Leasing structures - Murabaha structures Day 7 Equity investing, private equity and Islamic contracts Operating statement tests - Evolution of financial disclosure - Availability of operating statements - Adjustments to the Dow Jones tests for operating statement information - Variance in operating statement tests AAOIFI standard 21 - Acquisitions and investments - Total asset measurements - Purification and cleansing Hybrid tests - FTSE bursa Malaysia shariah index three-part test Islamic contracts and transactions - Other sales transactions - Salam - Arabun (arboon) - Agency (wakala) - Amanah (trust) - Ariya (gratuitous lending) - Wadia (deposits) - Rahn (mortgage and pledge) - Kifala (suretyship) Day 8 Investment funds and project finance Investment funds - Fund structures - Shari`ah supervision of funds - Real estate - Private equity - Legal and regulatory issues - Musings on distressed debt, fixed income and other funds Project finance - Some history of project finance - Definitions of project finance - Risk identification, assessment and allocation - Elements and structures - Ijara structures - Istisna – ijara structures - Single Islamic tranche ijara structures - Istisna – parallel istisna structures - Quadratic partnerships Days 9 & 10 Takaful (Islamic insurance) Introduction to takaful and takaful structures Introduction Definitions of takaful Critical concepts A short history of takaful and related insurance concepts How takaful works, including the qard al-Hasan and takaful operators Comparison of takaful and conventional insurance Summary of takaful conditions Views of conventional insurance Prohibited items in takaful Unique elements of takaful Tabarru Qard al-Hasan Shari’ah boards Dissolution Takaful models Ta’awuni model Mudaraba + wakala Model Wakala Model Wakala – waqf model Takaful products Distribution channels, including bancassurance Overview of the takaful markets Takaful accounting and investments Takaful accounting considerations Takaful investment considerations Governance matters and takaful Shari’ah boards and governance in the takaful context Shareholders, policyholders, stakeholders and the takaful fund Capital adequacy and the qard al-Hasan Takaful operators Re-takaful Introduction Definitions of re-takaful Critical concepts A short history of re-takaful and related insurance concepts How re-takaful works, including the qard al-Hasan and re-takaful operators Re-takaful models Ta’awuni model Mudaraba and wakala model Wakala model Wakala – waqf model Surplus in takaful Defining surplus in takaful. Different conceptions of surplus sharing Bankruptcy considerations and entitlements to surplus Surplus under difference takaful model A Case Study: The case of the missing surplus Course summary and close
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