Analysis of Independent Power Projects

Analysis of Independent Power Projects

Euromoney Training
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Description

This intensive, hands-on course will provide a comprehensive analysis of issues associated with independent electric power projects ranging from economic analysis of PPA contracts to financial modelling of projects. In working through analysis of projects, a mixture of case studies, lectures and analytical exercise will be used to evaluate electricity price forecasts, debt structuring, technology choice, cost of capital, and architecture of financial models. The course will feature: Understand the objectives, theory, public policy and nuances of risk allocation between investor and off-taker for availability, heat rate, commissioning delay, operating costs, fuel prices, construction expendit…

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Didn't find what you were looking for? See also: Financial Modelling, Debt, Corporate Finance, Risk Analysis, and Teaching Skills.

This intensive, hands-on course will provide a comprehensive analysis of issues associated with independent electric power projects ranging from economic analysis of PPA contracts to financial modelling of projects. In working through analysis of projects, a mixture of case studies, lectures and analytical exercise will be used to evaluate electricity price forecasts, debt structuring, technology choice, cost of capital, and architecture of financial models. The course will feature: Understand the objectives, theory, public policy and nuances of risk allocation between investor and off-taker for availability, heat rate, commissioning delay, operating costs, fuel prices, construction expenditures and capacity factor. Learn the importance of debt structuring in measuring project risk and measuring project value and the effect of different financing structures on PPA bidding strategies through computing required PPA prices in financial models to meet IRR and DSCR targets. Create flexible and transparent financial models of independent power projects from A-Z that incorporate availability risk; heat rate risk, operating cost risks, financing structure, tax treatments, alternative pricing policies and other factors. Prepare economic analysis that evaluates tradeoffs between penalty provisions and PPA costs such as increasing availability penalty relative to required operation and maintenance costs as well as evaluation of PPA tariffs relative to the long-run marginal cost of electricity. Measure and evaluate changes in the risk of projects over different stages of the project and how equity returns and asset value change if purchases and sales occur at different phases of a project's life. Learn practical tools to analyse details of power projects including efficient tools to work with supply and demand data; creating flexible scenario and sensitivity analysis to evaluate efficiency and availability risk, construction risk, O&M risk and debt structuring; developing techniques to resolve circular references related to funding debt and sculpting debt without copy and paste macros. Work through implementation of risk allocation in PPA tariff design and evaluation of off-taker risk and off-taker financial analysis. Teaching methodology The course is delivered using a mixture of hands-on analytical exercises, case studies and lectures in order that participants can learn from each other as well as from the course leader. In addition to development of skills in the course, participants will receive a series DVD containing a range of relevant models, business cases, articles and documents for further reference. As a participant in the course, you will create a variety of exercise including a project finance model from A to Z that includes working through economic assumptions, developing alternative construction scenarios, evaluating tariff components, constructing a cash flow waterfall and resolving painful circular references. The case studies are also used to demonstrate how break-even analysis, scenario analysis, tornado diagrams, time series equations and Monte Carlo simulation can be used to analyse risk with project finance models of independent power projects. In creating analyses, some participants will be particularly interested in adding excel features such as VBA with macros, flexible graphs, alternative circularity resolution, vintage depreciation and indirect functions to their project finance models. To accommodate people who are interested in technical programming subjects, added sessions will be held after at the end of the first and second days of the course. "The instructor was extremely knowledgeable and went out of his way to answer questions with examples" - delegate from Saudi Aramco
Day 1 Risk Allocation and Economic Analysis of PPA Contracts Risk allocation and PPA contracts Fundamental objective of IPP/PPA model and notion of allocating risks to IPP that can be controlled Nuanced issues of risk allocation associated with target heat rate, fuel price, maintenance outage and plant availability Incorporation of different risks in multipart PPA tariffs Capacity factor risk in renewable projects versus dispatchable plants Measurement of PPA provisions and electricity economics Notion that penalties and bonuses should reflect off-taker costs Use of marginal cost analysis in measuring availability benefits and costs in different periods Analysis of target heat rates in the context of marginal heat rate and average heat rate curves Calculation levelised prices in PPA contracts Effect of cost of capital on technology choice Evaluation of long-term marginal cost and comparison of levelised PPA prices to long-run marginal cost Currency risk and interest rate risk in IPP’s Theory of purchasing power parity and indexing capacity payments Volatility of exchange rates Problems with indexing capacity charges from off-taker perspective Alternatives for allocating exchange rate risk Policy arguments for and against IPP’s State owned systems and power outages, inefficient plants, high losses Vertically owned systems, regulatory costs, nuclear power in the U.S. Merchant power systems, California crisis, merchant meltdown and price increases Purchase power contracts, Philippines, Pakistan, Indonesia Case Study of IPP’s in the Philippines and India Context of power shortages Structure of PPA contracts Selected plant analysis and review of financial models Postscript in Philippines Contract structure, risk insurance and PPA agreements for the Dabhol plant Evaluation of the level of price that avoids disputes through computing long-run marginal cost of electricity from off-taker perspective Day 2 Project Finance Terms and IPP Transaction Structure Theory and structure of project finance in context of IPP’s Overview of selected project finance terminology Importance of phases in risk analysis, accounting and modelling project finance Theory of using project finance in investment decisions versus traditional project financial analysis using NPV and WACC Role of contracts and integration of contracts in project finance Target DSCR, debt tenor and required IRR in different markets Use of export credit in power finance Operating analysis in project finance model with PPA contract Importance of cost of capital in electricity generation Modelling prices and costs in operating section – A,B,C, and D components for coverage of fuel cost, variable O&M cost, fixed O&M cost and capital recovery Calculation of project timing and phases with switches Modelling capacity charges and energy charges with target heat rates, target availability and operation and maintenance expenses Computation of actual generation, actual fuel costs and actual operation and maintenance expenses Calculations of s-curve with ability to model delay in construction Computation of levelised cost with alternative assumptions Day 3 Project finance modelling of debt structure of IPP with and without PPA contract Architecture of project finance models with comprehensive debt structure Review of actual project finance models in different regions of the world Programming sources and uses of funds statement during the construction period Programming debt structuring with sculpting in project finance model Computation of cash flow, waterfall, tax payments and financial statements Equity IRR with different debt structure in PPA case – level versus annuity versus debt sculpting Computation of debt capacity and IRR with alternative repayment structures – direct and indirect effect Nuances in structuring debt and modelling project value Effects of debt service coverage constraint versus debt to capital constraint Problems with IRR statistics in evaluating projects and re-investment of dividends Resolving circular references without copy and paste macros arising from funding and sculpting Computation of project value assuming different sale dates and risk adjusted discount rates from buyer perspective as risk of project changes from signing contracts, working through mechanical issues and demonstrating cash flows from historic record Incorporate refinancing assumptions in financial models through adding sources and uses of funds analysis in alternative re-financing periods and evaluating different possible features of re-financing Cash flow sweeps merchant projects Debt service reserves and cash trap covenants Day 4 Off-taker perspective in model and calculation of tariffs Optimisation of both debt capacity and PPA tariff using solver Effect of PPA on capital structure of off-taker Effect of PPA on cost of capital and debt capacity in project finance model Cost of PPA with and without capital structure penalty Effect of PPA on technology choice Risk analysis of off-taker Economic analysis of PPA prices relative to merchant prices Review of merchant prices in different markets Simulation of short-run and long-run marginal costs Carrying charge rates for PPA projects versus merchant projects Profitability of merchant plants and computation of implied capital capacity payment per kW Economic analysis of selected provisions in PPA agreements Delay provisions and liquidated damages Availability tests and penalties Termination clauses and compensation Political risk insurance Other provisions Documents and finance sources Work through PPA provisions and implementation of penalties, bonuses, liquated damages and other factors Coordination of PPA with other EPC, O&M and loan agreement Default and other provisions in loan agreements Equity support agreement Interest rate swaps in project finance Bonds versus commercial banks Insurance and international financial institutions Credit enhancements and security Course summary and close
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